Method of making nails



Jam. 23; 1923.,

' 1,442,969; 1- H. POPE.

METHOD OF MAKING NAILS. QRIGINAL FILED um. 11. 19111.

li atented Jan. 23, lgfifl.

it. .i

JOSEPH H. POPE, 0F HAMILTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASEIGNOR TD UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CORPORATION, OF OF NEW JERSEY.

PA'IERSON, NEVT JERSEY, A CORPGRATION METHOD OF llIIAKING NAILS.

Original application filed January 11, 1918,Seria1 No. 211,343. Divided and this application filed Octoher 2, 1920. Serial No. 414,268,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, Joanna H. Porn, a citizen oi the United States, residing at Hamilton, in the county of Essex and State o'll /lassachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Methods of Making Nails, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like reference characters on the drawings indicating like parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to methods of making metallic lastenings, being illustrated 1n connection with the manufacture oi? nails particularly designed for use in nailing the heels of boots and shoes and of such character that they may be inserted in the bodies of heels of boots or shoes with their head ends projecting from the surfaces of the heels and constructed to penetrate the toplitts when they are applied to the heels so as to retain the toplitts in place.

This application is a division of my copending application Ser. No. 211,349, for .irnprovements in nails, filed January 11, 1918, upon which Letters Patent No. 1,419.- fl 'l were granted June20, 1922.

it n object oi the invention is to provide an effective and satisfactory method of making nails which will fulfill the practical requirements of heel nails in all particulars. To this end the invention in one aspect, and as illustrated herein, contemplates grooving the side of each nail. adjacent to the head end thereof, eachnail being made of tapering form from one end to the other'so that it can be easily driven into the heel and so that its head end is adapted to penetrate a toplift when the latter is spanked on to the heel so as to insure holding the toplift secnrely in place.

The invention in another aspect contemplates forming the point of the nail so as to be easily clinched and this without liability or" the breaking away at the point from the body of the nail. In still another aspect, the method of the present invention contemplates forming a nailblank with a groove or grooves in its side or sides adjacent to an cdgc'or edges of the blank and severing nails 'llOlil the blank. preferably at distances from the end oi the blank less than the thickness of the blank to form nails which, when driven, will be clinched on a side other than that on which the grooves are formed.

In carrying out the invention in accordance with the exemplification of the method disclosed in this specification and the drawings accompanying the same, a blank of uniform thickness and of a Width substantially equal to the length of the nails to be formed is grooved adjacent to both edges. Therearter tapered portions are out successively 'lrom an end of the blank, the heads of alternate nails being formed from portions at opposite sides of the blank. In this. manner are formed nails provided with grooves at both their heads and their points, the gI'OOVQs at the points facilitating the clinching thereof and assisting in holding the nails in place in the stock in case there should be no clinching, while the grooves at the heads of the nails result and are adapted to assist .in holding firmly in place a toplift or whatever other article maybe attached. by means of the nails.

It is recognized that the method of this appllcation may be modified in certain particulars without departingfrom the spirit of the invention, and that certain of the fea tures of novelty of the nail may be employed in nails of different form from the nail. herein illustrated and described, for which reason the scope of the invention is intended to be limited only by the appended claims.

Other objects and features of the invention will appear the description proceeds.

in the drawings,-

Fig. 1 is a view looking toward the side of a nail in which grooves are formed and in connection with the manufacture of which the method of the invention is disclosed.

Fig. 2 is a view of the nail taken at right angles to the view shown in Fig.1

F 3 is a view in perspective oil. the nail i Fig. 4 illustrates a nail blank from which the nails may be cut; i

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the nail blank along the line 5-5 of Fig. i;

Fig. 6 illustrates diagrannnatically a man ner in which the grooves may he formed in he nail "plate and the nails cut therefrom and i Fig. 7 shows diagrammatically rolls of a groove or the grooves in the plate.

The illustrated nail designated A in Figs. 1 and 2 is formed with two parallel grooves 1 extending across each of two opposite sides of the nail adjacent to the point thereof and with two grooves 2 extending across each of the same sides of the nail adjacent to the head thereof. The nail is of a taper ing form, and its other opposite sides designated 3 and i (Fig. 1) which, as shown, are not grooved, converge gradually from the head end of the nail to the point end. The grooved sides 5 and 6 of the nail (Fig. 2)

' do not converge but are substantially parallel throughout the entire length of the nail.

The nail is illustrated as substantially square in cross section at its head end. The converging sides 3 and 4 are therefore closer together at the point end of the nail than are the grooved sides 5 and 6, by reason of which resistance to bending of the nail on its side 3 or 4: is less than that on its side 5 or 6. Consequently the nail when driven will be clinched along its side 3 or d. The grooves 1 adjacent to the point of the nail promote itsclinching, but preferably are relatively shallow, not being extended far enough into the sides 3 and t to weaken the nail at the grooves sufiiciently to cause the nail to be clinched on either of the grooved sides of the nail. Nlien a nail is clinched on a side in which a single relatively deep groove is formed, i. e., in the groove, the point of the nail is not bent below the groove but is turned about the groove as a center at a sharp angle to the body of the nail. When the nail point is thus clinched, a crack is likely to be formed between the point and the body of the nail and the connection between the point and the body of the nail is apt to 'be so weakened that the point will be broken away from the nail either in the clinching operation or subsequently by wear of the work in which it is driven. By providing the grooves in a side or sides of the nail other than that on which the point clinched, I avoid any tendency of the point of the nail to crack away from the body of the "nail in clinching, and by forming a plurality of grooves in the side of the nail, I insure a gradual deflection of the point of the nail as it is clinched. If only one groove were ito-rnied in each side of the nail. the point of the nail in clinching would be bent more abruptly on the line defined. by the bottoms of the grooves than at other points. The head end of the nail as illustrated is formed to penetrate a toplitt when it is SlflllliCl on to a heel and the grooves 2 are formed closely adjacent to the head of iged in the topli'l't.

the nail so as to be e k The nail is pref rably formed of relatively soft metal so that when the topliit is forced down on it. the edges T below the grooves 2 are spread out somewhat into the material ot the toplit't so as to hold it more securely.

The sides of the main body portion of the illustrated nail are preirrably made smooth and unbroken by grooves, by reason of which such nails may be driven into heel stock easily and with little possibility oi injury thereto.

In making nails by the method of this invention, I may first town a nail blank l) preferably oi. substantially uniform thickness from one dge to the other. I then. as illustrated, form two parallel grooves fl and 11 adjacent to each edge oi? the bla k and in each of the opposite sides oi the blank. The grooves may be formed by any suitable means, such, tor instance. :is the rolls 8 (Fig. (3) having annular corrugations 1O projecting thereilroin adjacent to one oi their ends and corrugations l2 adjacent to their other ends. After the grooves are rolled in the blank, it is operated upon by a cutting or shearing device indicated at 1-! (Fig. 6) by which the nails are cut lroni the blank.

The number of grooves which are formed on the side oi the blank adjacent to each ol its edges determined by the number oi grooves which it is desired to have near the head end and point end of the nail. The grooves on one side oi? the blank are pi'el'erably arranged in sta cred relation to the grooves on the other side o i the blank since it is desirable that the grooves oi the nails bear such relation to each other in order nol to weaken sul'isl'antially the point or head end of the nail.

The nails are n'el'crably cutl'roni the plate along snbstantialtv sli'uisnflt lines from one edge ol the blank to the other. The line oi cut is spaced FY0111 the end of the blank at one edge of the blank by a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the blank, and at the other edge of the blank by a distance less than the thickness oi? the blank. The nail is thus formed with a taper, being larger at one end. hereinafter designated the head end. than at the other end, hereinaitci' designated the noini end. The making oi the tail blank ot uniform thickness throughout without enlargement at its edges and the cutting); oi the nails from the blank along straight lines ironi one edge oi the blank to the other causes the head end oi the nail lo be oi o i'orni adapted to penetrate a topliii' and hold it in place on a heel. The severance oi' the point end of the nail at a less distance iroin the edge oi' the blank than the thickness of the blank causes the nail to clinch when driven on a side other than that in which the grooves are termed.

y reference to Fig. in which the broken lines represent lines oi cut. it will be seen that the point ends of the nails as also. of course. the head ends oi the nails. are formed alternately from each edge oi the Hill llll

blank. The nails. are severed alternately at in the part of the nail blank from whicha nail is formed in the operation of, cutting the next preceding nail from the blank, for example, by means of indenting members 16 carried by the cutter 14, as indicated in Fig. 6.

\V hat I claim is:

1. The method of making nails which consists in forming a nail blank, making a groove in the side of the blank adjacent to the edge of the blank, and then severing a nail from the blank at a distance from the end of the blank less at one end of the nail than the thickness of the blank to cause the nail thus made to clinch when driven on a side other than that in which the groove is formed.

2. The method of making nails which consists in forming a nail blank with grooves in its side adjacent to its edges, and severing the nails from theblank alternately at each edge of the blank at a distance from the end of the blank less at one end of the nail than the thickness of the blank.

3, The method of makinginails which con sists in forming a nail. blank with grooves in its side adjacent to its edges and severing the nail from the blank at a greater distance from the end of the blank at one edge of the blank than at the other so as to form the nail with a head end and a point end and alter nately at each edge of the blank at a dis tance from the end of the blank less than the thickness of the blank.

i. The method of making nails which conin forming a nail blank of substantially uniform thickness from one edge of the blank to the other, grooving the blank in its side adjacent to its edge, and severing the nails from the blank along substantially straight lines from one edge of the blank to the other so that the grooved ends of the nails are adapted to penetrate a piece of shoe stock and to be engaged. therein to hold it in "ilacc.

i 5. The method of making nails which consists in forming a nail blank of substantially uniform thickness from one edge of the blank to the other, grooving the blank in its side adjacent to each of the edges of the blankand severing the nails from the blank along substantially straight lines from one edge of the blank to the other and at a greater distance from the end of the blank at one edge of the blank than at the other to form the nails with head ends constructed to penetrate a toplift that is spanked thereon and with point ends constructed to be clinched when the nail is driven.

6. The method of making nails which consists in forming a nailblank of substantially uniform thickness from one edge of the blank to the other, grooving the blank on its side adjacent to each of the edges of the.

blank, and severing the nails from the blank along substantially straight lines from one edge of the blank to the other and at a greater distance from the end of the blank at one edge of the blank than at the other to form the nail with a head end constructed to penetrate a toplift that is spanked thereon and with a point end constructed to be clinched when the nail is driven, and in such manner as to form the head ends of the nails alternately from each edge of the blank.

7. The method of making nails which comprises grooving a piece of sheet metal adjacent to an edge thereof and severing portions from an edge of the sheet which toward their point ends are narrower than the thickness of the sheet and which are separated from the sheet on lines approximately at right angles to the edge adjacent to which the groove has been formed.

8. The method of making nails which consists in grooving a strip of sheet metal adj acent to both of its longitudinal edges and severing narrow portions from an end of the strip approximately at right angles to the longitudinal edges thereof, each of said portions being narrower near its point end than the thickness of the sheet, so that the nails will clinch toward one of the ungrooved sides.

The method of making nails which consists in forming grooves adjacent to both of the longitudinal edges of a strip of sheet metal and severing narrow tapered portions from an end of the strip approximately at right angles to the longitudinal edges thereof, each of said portions being narrower near its point end than the thick ness of the sheet, so that the nails will clinch toward one of the ungrooved sides.

10. The method of making nails which consists in forming grooves adjacent to both of the longitudinal edges of a strip of sheet metal and severing narrow tapered portions from an end of the strip in such manner that the wider ends of alternate portions are severed from opposite edges of the strip and the opposite ends are narrower than the thickness of the strip so that the nails will clinch toward one of the ungrooved sides.

11. The method of making nails which consists 111 severmg nails successively from part of the distance from the points of the nail formed thereby toward the head, a distance less than the thickness of the stock, so that the nails will elinvh toward a side made by one of the cuts.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

JOSEPH H. POPE.

lCertificate of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,442,969, granted January 23, 1923, upon the application of Joseph H. Pope, of Hamilton, Massachusetts, for an improvement in Methods of Making Nails, an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 4, line 8, claim 11, for the Word normal read normals; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Ofiice.

Signed and sealed this 20th day of March, A. 1)., 1923.

[snAn] KARL FENNING,

Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

